There were spear and bow equiped soldiers in the ancient world. The Persian Immortals are probably the best known. However they were primarily archers who had a short spear as a close combat weapon rather than a sword or axe.
I expect there's also an equipment mismatch. An effective hoplite unit requires heavy and cumbersome armour which would make it difficult and more tiring to fire a bow.
Something more practical would be units of who some are armed with bow and some with spears/pikes. The Byzantines had infantry units armed that way.
-- Donald Oddy
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