What you describe is true. Meat was more common in the diet early in winter, because livestock did have to be slaughtered. But that doesn't mean that there was a lot of livestock to slaughter. Most medieval peasants possessed a fairly small amount of livestock. A peasant would be lucky to have a single cow or a couple of pigs or sheep. The lord of the local manor had a larger supply, which meant that his family and dependants ate somewhat better, and in many regions it was standard practice for the local lord to throw a feast for his peasants at least once a year, usually in association with a church festival. For some peasants, this annual meal was the only truly reliable source of meat in their lives.
When peasants ate meat, it was most likely to be pork, ham, bacon, or gammon, for the simple reason that pigs are purely meat animals. Apart from meat, the only thing pigs produce is more meat. After that, lamb and mutton was most common. Historically, the number of sheep in a region tends to be inversely proportionate to the number of pigs, because pigs graze in forests while sheep graze in open fields. In order to have a place for sheep to feed, you have to cut down the forests where pigs feed. Poultry and fish were next most common, depending on how close the region was to a reliable source of fish, while beef that extremely rare for peasants.
>(As I understand it, this practice is one reason we have Icelandic
>sagas: there was no shortage of dead calves from which to make
>vellum, so they had plenty of writing material to make enough copies
>of the sagas that they survived to this day.)
That's the theory, at least, but it's not cows they're slaughtering; it's sheep. Iceland was primarily a sheep-grazing region, although cows were kept for diary products. Although some scholars tend to be a bit casual about the terminology, parchment technically comes from sheep- and goatskin, while vellum is made from calf-skin. I seem to recall that Icelandic manuscripts are mostly made of parchment, although I cannot seem to find my source for this statement, so don't hold me to it.
Overall, however, the Icelanders are pretty abnormal when compared to most of Europe. While I think their culture is a good model for Orlanthi culture, I don't think their economy works as well as a model as the Anglo-Saxon economy does.
Andrew E. Larsen
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