A reader should note that it is not intended to be a complete explication of the Laws of Heort. For example, while it gives a list of trees that are forbidden to fell, it should not be concluded that Heortlings never chopped trees down! Other sources reveal (e.g. Theorac's Tree-Chopping Song) that tree-felling was a communal affair among Heortlings, to begin by propitiating tree spirits, Flamal, and other deities. The prohibitions, read in this context, obviously refer to individuals felling trees without the magical support of the community. Given that vengeful Aldryami were no respectors of individuals, blaming all humans they might meet for the transgression of one, proscription was most likely for the common good.
Likewise, since it was an introduction, many statements are quite pithy, to be elaborated upon during the ruler's education.
The Law-Song of Heort
If you are a king you should know the prerogative of a ruler, refreshment according to rank, [resolving] contentions of hostings, [punishments for] stickfights in an alehouse, [invalidity of] contracts made in drunkenness; valuations of lands, measurement by poles; [limits upon] augmentations of a penalty, [punishment for] larceny of tree-fruit.
Know the great substance of land-law: Marking out fresh boundaries; planting of stakes, the law as to points of stakes, partition among coheirs, summoning of neighbors, stone pillars of contest, fighters who hold title from a king; the extent of protection; right of the gild up to the sixth man in movables and land.
Valid is every neighbor-law that is contracted by pledges and secured by collateral consisting of goods.
Greater or smaller is the value of penalties.
Know the penalty for breaching a boundary fence: From a bull-calf to a heifer-calf, from that to a yearling beast, up to five however it extends.
What are the most serious cases of tree-cutting for which the unwise are penalized?
The hospitallers of the forest, the ivy-clad hazel: A danger from which there is no escape is the penalty for felling the sacred tree.
A man shall not cut a sacred tree and escape with the fines for the seven noble trees on account of the fine of three cows that is fixed for cutting its stem.
There are others, seven atoned for even to their undergrowth.
Know the penalty for the oak, the penalty for lobbing its larger limbs with its life-sustaining mast; the stem-cutting of the yew; the same penalty for cutting the holly tree.
Most serious of it all is the penalty of the seven commoners of the forest for each of which there is a cow as payment: The stem cutting of the birch, the peril of the alder, the undermining of the willow. Declare restitution for them. The maiming of the whitethorn and of the blackthorn; its restitution extends to the undergrowth of the wood, the undergrowth of fern, of bog-myrtle, of reeds, save that these are free to Thanes.
Let me venture for [the benefit of] the immature to state the immune things of the forest: A single cauldron's cooking-wood that is cut, a handful of ripe nuts to which one stretches not his hand in satiety. Freest of it all is the right of their removal.
[Know the penalties for these things:] Stealthy penetration, stealthy intrusion, driving to and fro, looking on idly, tethering, squatting, burning, blocking tracks; overleaping by birds, deer and pet animals, overleaping by dogs, trespass by bees; in thirds are payable in penalties which the preliminary pledge comprehends; driving forward, traversing, sudden breeches across the road, stampeding across holdings. Similarly over strands.
Measurement of the fore-end with a cast by a stripling, supervising the observance of land law, marking out fresh boundaries, final responsibility for trespass.
Let fines be forthcoming on the fifth day after the offenses according to the law of neighbors.
No single ox shares liability with the drove.
No overleaping by a single piglet shares liability with the herds.
None are the drivings carried out negligently for which final
responsibility need not be enforced.
None are the concealed drivings forward on which grazing-expense does not
fall.
None are the unauthorized stalkings which deserve immunity.
None are the larcenies from houses which do not entail a penalty.
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