Re: RESOURCES: Livestock

From: John Hughes <nysalor_at_uhBRO8E_zDuaO2_Nr0IFbvC8SMvbnj51K2soCsxYy7OcjAwE30vAuAbrUneklJ7R_Sku>
Date: Thu, 21 Mar 2002 11:37:08 +1100

>
> OXEN: work, [meat, leather, tallow, vellum]

Horn, bone, dung, sacrifice.

A bull's hide is as valuable as its meat. Horn is used for fastenings, drinking vessels and many other uses. Bone is used for belt-ends, handles, needles, pins and skates. Dung is an important resource. It's probably sensible to include 'sacrifice' as a resource use.

> COWS: dairy products, [leather, meat, tallow]

Horn, bone, dung, sacrifice.
Prestige value is also very important. Cow's milk and dairy products are not of central importance in pre-industrial societies, and are highly seasonal. Sheep's milk is the major source of dairy products.

> SHEEP: dairy products, wool, [meat, parchment, tallow]
sacrifice, horn.
Sheep's milk and associated dairy products are of crucial importance. Sheep, especially the Fat-Tail variety, are milked in Sea and Fire Season. Ewes' milk is the most common source of cheese and butter. A Fat-Tail will produce only a tenth the milk of a dairy cow. Wool, which ranges from in colour from brown to oatmeal to occasional white, is shawn, plucked or rooed (depending on the breed) in early Fire Season.

> PIGS: [meat, skins, lard]

bone and tusks.

> FOWL: eggs, [meat, feathers]

Eggs are seasonal (Sea Season only). Fowl meat falls in the luxury food category. Hollow bones make musical instruments.

> BEES: pollination, honey, wax

Mead.
.
> Oxen and cows require two acres per animal, sheep require one-third an
> acre per animal, pigs require one-tenth an acre per animal. Oxen are
> usually only slaughtered when starvation is a threat. During the winter
> culling, half the cows are slaughtered, three-fifths of the sheep,
> nine-tenths of the pigs. These values do not take any magical blessings
> into account. Please correct my numbers if I am wrong, but I think most
> of these are sufficiently accurate for our purposes.

Culling is a complex issue, and will vary enormously from year to year. Recent archaeological research has tended to downplay the size of winter culling in pre-industrial European societies, but I have no quarrel with these figures as indicative.

John


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